HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Introduction
- Born in Reading, Pennsylvania 1909, USA
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BA in interpersonal psychology - Bennington College in 1943.
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MA in psychiatric nursing from Colombia University New York in 1947.
- Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952
- Died in 1999
- Peplau's theory is also referred as psycho dynamic nursing, which is the understanding of ones own behavior.
Factors Influencing the Blending of the Nurse-patient Relationship
According to Peplau (1952/1988), nursing is therapeutic because it is a
healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health
care. Nursing can be viewed as an interpersonal process because it
involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal.
In nursing, this common goal provides the incentive for the therapeutic
process in which the nurse and patient respect each other as
individuals, both of them learning and growing as a result of the
interaction. An individual learns when she or he selects stimuli in the
environment and then reacts to these stimuli.
MAJOR CONCEPTS
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The theory explains the purpose of nursing is to help others identify their felt difficulties.
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Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience.
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Peplau's theory explains the phases of interpersonal
process, roles in nursing situations and methods for studying nursing
as an interpersonal process.
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Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care.
-
Nursing is an interpersonal process
because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a
common goal.
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The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a series of steps following a series of pattern.
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The nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the process.
METAPARADIGMS
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Person: A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs.
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Environment: Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture.
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Health: A word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal and community living.
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Nursing: A significant therapeutic
interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with other human
process that make health possible for individuals in communities.
- Stranger: receives the client in the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations
- provides an
accepting climate that builds trust.
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Teacher: who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest.
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Resource Person : one who provides a specific needed information that aids in the understanding of a problem or new situation.
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Counselors : helps to understand and
integrate the meaning of current life circumstances ,provides guidance
and encouragement to make changes.
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Surrogate: helps to clarify domains of dependence interdependence and independence and acts on clients behalf as an advocate.
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Leader : helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way.
Phases of Interpersonal Relationship
1. The orientation phase is directed by the nurse and involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations and information, and answering questions.
2. The identification phase begins when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger.
3. In the exploitation phase, the client makes full use of the services offered.
4. In the resolution phase, the client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior. The relationship end.
LEVELS OF ANXIETY
1. Mild anxiety is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).
2. Moderate anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect the person to the task.
3. Severe anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
4. Panic anxiety can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury.
Therapeutic nurse-client relationship
A professional and planned relationship between client and nurse that focuses on the client’s needs, feelings, problems, and ideas.
Nursing involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. The attainment of this goal, or any goal, is achieved through a series of steps following a sequential pattern.
- Try to watch this video:
Perception:
The Theory of Interpersonal Relations tells about how you deal with other people. How you give importance to the relationship you have with your patient. I’ve learned so many things as I read all about her. She was the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing” and has many contributions to her field. She identified the nurse-patient relationship which helps the nurses and the upcoming nurses on how to interact with their patients. Hildegard Peplau specialized on the Psychiatric Nursing, which deals with the behaviour of the patients and because of her theory this would help the nursing students on dealing with this patients on the psychiatric ward.
Created by: Rica Jane E. Abante
Barbara D. Ariar
REFERENCES:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hk9HCYk56Is
http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e-peplau.html
http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e-peplau.html
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